N C H S - Mortality Data - Possible Solutions to Common Problems in Dealth Certification: "Introduction
A death certificate is a permanent record of an individual’s death. One purpose of the death certificate is to obtain a simple description of the sequence or process leading to death rather than a record describing all medical conditions present at death.
Causes of death on the death certificate represent a medical opinion that might vary among individual physicians. In signing the death certificate, the physician, medical examiner, or coroner certifies that, in his/her medical opinion, the individual died from the reported causes of death. The certifier’s opinion and confidence in that opinion are based upon his/her training, knowledge of medicine, available medical history, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and available autopsy results for the decedent. Even if extensive information is available to the certifier, causes of death may be difficult to determine, so the certifier may indicate uncertainty by qualifying the causes on the death certificate.
Cause-of-death data is important for surveillance, research, design of public health and medical interventions, and funding decisions for research and development. While the death certificate is a legal document used for legal, family, and insurance purposes, it may not be the only record used, because, in some cases, the death certificate"
Saturday, August 09, 2008
Prison Rape | National Institute of Justice
Prison Rape | National Institute of Justice: "Prison Rape
After more than four decades of research, it is still unclear how much rape and sexually violent activity occurs in prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities in the United States. What is clear from research is that, as with rape in free society, prison rape goes largely unreported.
Of the hundreds of studies in institutional corrections, less than 25 research studies have been conducted on prison rape. Of those studies, some asked inmates to describe their victimizations, including nonconsensual activities other than rape, while others examined official reports filed by inmates. Because none of these studies were national in scope, it remains difficult to estimate the extent of the problem. A meta-analysis of this research estimates a 1.91 percent lifetime prevalence for all inmates in the United States (Gaes and Goldberg, 2004).
In 2004, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) examined administrative records from adult and juvenile facilities at State and local levels. According to these official records, slightly more than 8,000 male, female, and juvenile inmates—or 0.005 percent of the total incarcerated population—reported that they had been victims of sexual violence while incarcerated. An even smaller percentage of inmates' claims were substantiated (Beck and Hughes, 2004).
Thus, although the P"
After more than four decades of research, it is still unclear how much rape and sexually violent activity occurs in prisons, jails, and other corrections facilities in the United States. What is clear from research is that, as with rape in free society, prison rape goes largely unreported.
Of the hundreds of studies in institutional corrections, less than 25 research studies have been conducted on prison rape. Of those studies, some asked inmates to describe their victimizations, including nonconsensual activities other than rape, while others examined official reports filed by inmates. Because none of these studies were national in scope, it remains difficult to estimate the extent of the problem. A meta-analysis of this research estimates a 1.91 percent lifetime prevalence for all inmates in the United States (Gaes and Goldberg, 2004).
In 2004, the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) examined administrative records from adult and juvenile facilities at State and local levels. According to these official records, slightly more than 8,000 male, female, and juvenile inmates—or 0.005 percent of the total incarcerated population—reported that they had been victims of sexual violence while incarcerated. An even smaller percentage of inmates' claims were substantiated (Beck and Hughes, 2004).
Thus, although the P"
Friday, August 08, 2008
Thursday, August 07, 2008
Wednesday, August 06, 2008
The Truth About Big Brother Databases - Search Engine Watch
The Truth About Big Brother Databases - Search Engine Watch: "The Truth About Big Brother Databases
by Lynn Peterson and Genie Tyburski, Guest Writers
Worried that your personal details may be stored away in a database for anyone to see? Two public records experts describe exactly what is -- and is not -- included in 'big brother' databases.
Do you know that your FBI profile resides in a database where employers -- or anyone willing to pay the fee -- may review it?(1)
That the database, and others like it, contains your social security number, credit profile, employment history, travel records, court records, personal interests, and serious health conditions?(2) That information brokers regularly sell such data to identity thieves?(3)
These attention-grabbing messages appear with increasing frequency in the news. But while they make the stuff of a good legal thriller, they reek of inaccuracies and distorted facts. Rather than informing about what personal information exists online, how it gets there, and who has access to it, some would have you believe that your life is an open book for all to read. Or worse, that anyone wanting a new identity may buy it.
What information appears in commercial, or publicly accessible, databases about you? Any transaction or event that generates a public record may find its way online. If you pur"
by Lynn Peterson and Genie Tyburski, Guest Writers
Worried that your personal details may be stored away in a database for anyone to see? Two public records experts describe exactly what is -- and is not -- included in 'big brother' databases.
Do you know that your FBI profile resides in a database where employers -- or anyone willing to pay the fee -- may review it?(1)
That the database, and others like it, contains your social security number, credit profile, employment history, travel records, court records, personal interests, and serious health conditions?(2) That information brokers regularly sell such data to identity thieves?(3)
These attention-grabbing messages appear with increasing frequency in the news. But while they make the stuff of a good legal thriller, they reek of inaccuracies and distorted facts. Rather than informing about what personal information exists online, how it gets there, and who has access to it, some would have you believe that your life is an open book for all to read. Or worse, that anyone wanting a new identity may buy it.
What information appears in commercial, or publicly accessible, databases about you? Any transaction or event that generates a public record may find its way online. If you pur"
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